Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Gender Discrimination Against Women During The Workplace

Gender Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace We have made a lot of strides for women in the workplace in the past couple of decades but the problem that still remains is discrimination. A women just wants to be treated like others in the workplace and not to be harassed, judged, looked down or might not be considered for the position because she is a women. According the Department of Labor Statistics 57% of women participate in the labor force, 70% of these women have children under the age of 18. And still there is a 21.1% wage gap between men and women. â€Å"Each new group of young women entering the workforce over the past 30 years has started out at a higher average hourly wage relative to men. However, the more recent groups of young women have also seen their wages fall relative to men during their work lives.† (Pew Research, 2013) Women have fallen to the waist side of men mostly because they are mothers and companies believe won’t be able to perform at work. Women often have to take on many different hat s when they are mothers including having to be a sole provider for her family and not being able to make the same amount of money makes it harder for her to do that. Women through the years have been discriminated against because they are mothers. Women that have small children and that are pregnant are looked at not being reliable, distracted by their children and not able to do as good as a job as a man. The issues involve women with children and orShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination And Equal Employment Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesGender Discrimination and Equal Employment Introduction Discrimination has existed since the beginning of time. Often time people discriminate upon individuals unintentionally, because of certain stereotypes that have associated with race, gender, and religion. The First Amendment of the United States gives each individual the freedom of not only religion, but expression, and speech. Yet, despite the many historic and recent efforts gender discrimination and inequality is still a major issue inRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Within The Workplace1079 Words   |  5 PagesEmployment Discrimination in Indonesia As stated on wikipedia.org, discrimination is action that denies social participation or human rights to categories of people based on prejudice. This includes treatment of an individual or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated. This could be done directly or indirectly. Direct discrimination could arise from punishments and indirect discriminationRead MoreImproving Workplace Opportunities For Women1590 Words   |  7 PagesA century ago women were excluded from the opportunities which men enjoyed. Today, many countries including Canada have progressed significantly by creating anti-discrimination laws that have performed a critical role in expanding workplace opportunities for women. However, these laws failed to guarantee workplace equality since female workers still face discrimination through significant pay gaps for similar job duties, lack of representation in boards and high paying positions, and also face sexualRead MoreGender Bias in the Workplace: Its Origin, Cases and Solutions 1767 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Bias in the Workplace: Its Origin, Cases and Solutions Gender bias has long been an issue in the workplace. For decades women have suffered not only a pay gap but also an authority gap. In my paper I will outline how gender bias has taken shape within the workplace and its components. It is key that we not only study the components of the gender gap but also examine how they took root. One would think that gender bias would have subsided considerably but this is not the case. Over the decadesRead MoreLiterature Review : The United States Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pageshistory in terms of discrimination towards women in the workplace. Such discrimination only increases when the events of childbirth are taken into account. When women give birth, they often opt to stay lengthy amounts of time with the members of the family as opposed to remaining in the workplace for the duration of their maternity leave. Thus, there is increased rates of discrimination towards these women specifically. Often mothers within the workplace receive the most d iscrimination as opposed to same-genderedRead MoreThe Workplace : A Tradition Of Discrimination972 Words   |  4 PagesGender in the Workplace: A Tradition of Discrimination Throughout history women have endured terrible injustices due to societies views and male domination. One of the most restrictive issues has been the perception of women in professional roles. In Andersen’s Thinking About Women the traditional view of women’s work involved them staying home where they â€Å"were seen as having a moral calling to serve their families† (Andersen, 2011, p. 118). These views, unpopular as they may be, still exist todayRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pages Gender inequality Women are one-half of the world population they deserve equal opportunity as men because at the end gender equality is part of humanity progress. Many women around the world are treated less favoured than men not only in countries that have traditional gender role but even in societies that believe in equal right for both male and female. Gender inequality means unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It results from differences in socially constructedRead MoreThe Inequality Between Men And Women Based Solely On Gender1025 Words   |  5 Pagesmen and women based solely on gender. This dilemma is one that occurs across every continent and has been the subject of many riots, protests, and discussions since the early centuries. Gender inequality can happen in any setting, time, and place. However, gender inequality is highly likely inside the workplace. Many employers discriminate against woman and sometimes then do not even know that what they are sayi ng or doing is considered discrimination. Gender inequality in the workplace happens duringRead MoreWomen in the Workplace1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthere has been a drastic increase in the number of women entering and participating in the labor force (Hepburn Simon, 2006). Since early history and the ancient civilization of man, women have played a secondary role, in which women were and still are viewed as less adequate than a man. A women’s traditional role in society is that of raising children, fulfilling duties around the house, and being the primary nurturer of the family. Many women in today’s society want and desire careers and a placeRead MoreGender Inequality Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesthe work of researchers, we get to know more and more on the issue of gender inequality in different areas of our society. However, although significant progress has been made during the twentieth century, in an attempt to equalize the rights of women and men, they stil l do not seem to be met daily. Having a job is considered important for men and women, although the centrality of work is organized completely differently by gender. This form of inequality persists in all areas such as: participation

Monday, December 16, 2019

Feudalism in Pakistan Free Essays

string(121) " an American phenomenon but they have no clue whatsoever how much of an equalitarian society the United States is today\." Introduction:- The Zamindarana Nizam or Feudal system is a phenomenon that has affected Pakistan’s history time and again; sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse. There are many salient features of the Feudal system in Pakistan. They are large landholdings by joint families; Lambardari of the local landlord family, work done by peasants or mazeras, complete rule of the landlord in the vicinity and often its surroundings too, debt bondage and sometimes absentee landlordism. We will write a custom essay sample on Feudalism in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Pakistani feudal system is compatible with the European medieval feudal system where a large proportion of the production of the subsistence farmer would go to the landlord as homage. The Indian caste system is also similar to the hierarchy of the medieval European feudal pyramid expect for the fact there a person from a lower rank could be promoted to a higher rank by proving his worth unlike India where a Pandit’s son will grow up to be a Pandit and a Shudra’s son is deemed to be a servant for the rest of his life. There are also some similarities with the Japanese feudal system. In this research we will delve into the intricacies of the matter and will ascertain the reason for the phenomenon of feudalism and its effects on Pakistani society in general. The European Feudal Model:- We have to see the similarities between the Indian Feudal Model and the European feudal model because a lot of people confuse one with another. It will also be easier to study the Indian feudal system because it was a forerunner of the modern Pakistani feudal system. The European feudal system was based on homage to one’s feudal lord because of the fact that he protects the plebian from external threat by serving in the military. If we want to study the European feudal model we have to grasp the idea of the King, the Lord, the vassal and the peasant. The King was the sovereign barring exceptions in some cases, all the feudal barons and others were knighted by the King so that they would pledge allegiance to the King. Pledging allegiance to the King meant that many of the feudal lords were required to serve in the military. As a result the profession of an Army Officer up till world war two remained largely a feudal profession. Almost all Earls, Dukes, Viscounts and Barons served in the army or Navy as officers; a tradition that continues to this day as we can see both the sons of Charles, the Prince of Wales serving in the military. Another way how an ordinary man could work up the hierarchy was by proving himself in battle. Once the man would do so, he would be awarded with land by the King called â€Å"fief†. This would make him a landowner and he would then be required to swear an â€Å"Oath of Fealty†, the literal meaning of fealty is fidelity. Once the feudal pledged allegiance to the King he was made head of his area. The entire medieval Europe fell into some sort of a pyramid of hierarchy; with the head of everything being the Pope and the Clergy. The Pope was responsible for a lot and he would often appoint Prices in an around the area of modern Italy. Cesare Borgia is one such example of people appointed by Pope Alexander the Sixth, his father. The Church was known for its nepotism and this is why the Great Schism or the Western Schism and the Protestant Reformation took place. The Church’s corruption knew no bounds at times. Alexandre Dumas once said that â€Å"Christianity assumed a pagan character†. This is exactly what he was talking about. The Church has absolute power. Then came the Monarchs, then the Knights and Vassals, the business people were next and finally there were the peasants and the serfs. This has a lot of similarities with the Indian caste system. There were basically four Varnas. The Brahmins were the highest and they were the equivalent of the Clergy of those days, then there were the Kshatriyas who were a lot like Knights of the European feudal model and Samurais of the Japanese feudal system, then were the Vaishyas who were the traders, the businessmen and merchants, finally there were the Shudras who were sort of like the peasants. The feudal system in history has been a way of keeping the oppressed down. Both systems show a clear indication of exploitation. While Brahmins and Kshatriyas were landowners, the Vaishyas were confined to doing business only and the Shudras were made to serve the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas in the most demeaning and despicable of ways. They were confined to cleaning jobs, acting as servants and laborers. The Mahar are a lower community of India. They were called the untouchables. One of their leaders B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Constitutional Drafting Committee. He was the author of several books and was very aware of the fact that he was from an oppressed community and made provisions to make India into the secular and tolerant state that it is today. Some people may disagree with this statement but I beg to differ. The Union of India has done a lot to protect the rights of its lower castes ever since independence and this is where people like B. R. Ambedkar needs to be given credit. Unfortunately in Pakistan, people from lower castes often try to hide their identity and being from a lower caste is still considered a stigma, particularly in the Punjab. Here the Kshatriya tribes who are almost exclusively Muslim have not let go of their Hindu approach. They still believe in Mazera and Kammi system. They are not sent to school and are forced to work for their landlord families generation after generation. It is a shame what Pakistan has become today. Pakistanis embrace modernism thinking that it is an American phenomenon but they have no clue whatsoever how much of an equalitarian society the United States is today. You read "Feudalism in Pakistan" in category "Essay examples" While India has let go of their former hatred, Pakistan continues to be an insolent, third-rate godforsaken society. Coming back to the European feudal system, there were instances when the King knighted the people who were close to the king or were in the process of forging close relationships were also knighted so that their status would be elevated to that of any other peer. We can clearly see that in the case of King Henry the Eighth or Henry Tudor. Before he was set to marry Anne Boleyn he knighted her father making him a Viscount and her brother a Baron. The feudal Barons in the middle ages dominated every walk of life. The German name prefix of â€Å"von† usually showed nobility and we can clearly see that all the people who dominated German and Austrian societies before the Second World War had this prefix in the beginning of their name. For example von Mises the economist, von Bismark the statesman, von Manstein the general, von Hindenburg the Chancellor of Germany before Adolf Hitler and his Third Reich came into power. This is clear evidence of how the nobility was dominant in all spheres of life. We will discuss the same about Pakistan but like Europe trends are changing here too and we can see a more fair and equalitarian society. The Indian Feudal Model:- The first evidence of allotment of lands was in ancient India. Indians of antiquity were very giving to their spiritual leaders, the Brahmins. The customs of gifting lands to Brahmins dates back to Maurya times. The Maurya Empire thrived in India between the 4th to 1st Century B. C. E. The Empire controlled from Paltiputra in Present day Patna, Bihar controlled almost all of India. The special thing about this empire was that it was very sparsely populated. This made it very easy for greedy, licentious Brahmins to encroach land. The situation was ideal and the Brahmin is a very shrewd man. According to R. S. Sharma of the University of Patna this is when the trend started and was later enacted into the epic of Mahabharata during the Gupta Empire. This indoctrination meant that the Brahmins would later become landowners. Vast estates of land boil down into huge sums of money and with money comes power, influence and authority. Over the course of the next two thousand years the Brahmin consolidated his position by becoming the landlord along with the Kashatriya. Our ancestors, the Kashatriyas had to earn his land and fight with every fiber of his being for every last chunk of land but the Brahmin had his devious ways. The Brahmin changed the Holy Hindu script and stammered rites for a living. The result of all this was that the Brahmin to this date remains economically well off and continued to rule for centuries to come. Only in today’s world do you see people from lower Varnas such as Laksmhi Mittal or Bajaj strike rich. Otherwise it was always the Brahmin Pandit or the Kshatriya warrior who had control over wealth. It is important to note that the Nehru family is of Kashmiri Brahmin Pandit origin; their scions include Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. The concept was then started off by the Mughals who with their skill in administrative issues decided to appoint tax collectors from area to area. This included people from every religion. The Mughals made no discrimination in religion. There were some smaller kingdoms all over India too as the Mughals did not have a hundred percent control over everything. The Mughals, like the British conferred titles upon their tax collectors. Some of these titles were Mian, Rai Bahadur and Chaudhary. Mian was the title given to the Arian family who were the custodians of the Shalimar Gardens. The family is called Mian family of Baghbanpura. Mian Muhammad Shafi, one of the politicians of per-partition India and the Judge to whom Jinnah swore his oath to after becoming Governor-General are both from this family. Rai Bahadur was the title given to those families who helped the Mughals succeed in destroying their enemies for example some people from one tribe would given the title for killing people from another tribe who were causing troubles to for the Mughals. Chaudhary literally meant â€Å"Lord† and unlike today it was a very rare title back then. It was also customary amongst the Mughals to grant Lordship to Pashtun Generals serving in the army. The Nawabs of Bhopal and the landlords of Khwaspur near modern day Lalamusa were both handed over to Pashtun generals for the services they rendered to the Mughal Empire. Once the British came to power, they had similar tactics of retaining power. The only difference was that they had different names for their loyalists. They preferred to give the title of â€Å"Khan Bahadur†. The British clearly understood the differences between communities of India and did their best to divide us. When people from one tribe rebelled, they were expelled from the army. They placed tribes loyal to them over others in social standing and even today, the effects of this intrusion and manipulation of history effects our society in a very detrimental way which I will discuss later in the research. Hegemony of feudals in Pakistani society:- There were also stories from history where we can see that the King was not as powerful and that the Feudals were running the show altogether. We see the evolution of the â€Å"Magna Carta†, the first bill of rights of man that the western world saw. This Magna Carta was written in the thirteenth century by the Feudal Barons of King John the Second after a series of critical istakes made by the King and now the power lay with the Barons. This is how important the nobility was back in the medieval ages. The phenomenon is still prevalent in modern day Pakistan where we clearly see that almost all of the bureaucrats and politicians hailing from Interior Sindh have remarkably eccentric and ridiculous last names. Th is is because these are the leaders of their respective tribes. Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Asif Ali Zardari, Muhammad Khan Junejo among many others. Why does not any Sindhi from an ordinary background make it to the top? It is the hegemony of these tribe leaders that keeps them oppressed and downtrodden. We do see a sort of connection of these nobles with their German pre world war counterparts. They were all extremely dominant in their societies and controlled the military, the bureaucracy, the foreign affairs, almost all the intellectual discourse, the food production and pretty much everything else. Absentee Landlordism:- This is a phenomenon by which a peculiar landlord from a peculiar rural area of Pakistan remains absent during the entire course of the cultivation and harvest of his crops in order to enjoy a lavish lifestyle in the urban areas of Pakistan. These landlords do not contribute to their land; some of them embark on political careers or take up important bureaucratic jobs. As a result they have little or almost no input on the growth of their crops. There are people that are part of the feudal gentry who leave their country estates and farmlands comprising of hundreds of acres just to live a lavish life in Lahore and other cities playing polo and consuming ridiculous amounts of alcohol. When their crops are harvested they get the largest share of the profits while their mazera gets nothing but some money to barely make ends meet. Societal deterioration of Urban Pakistan:- According to Ayesha Siddiqa, the author accredited with writing â€Å"Military Incorporated†, feudal system is still alive and kicking in Pakistan and even Pakistan’s urban elite are trying to copy the life styles of the feudals. She says and I quote â€Å"the decadent lifestyle of the old Nawabs and the feudal elite by holding huge parties, mujrahs and flaunting money† in their newly built farmhouses. The tragedy of our country is that we try to copy whatever culture we think is superior. Our Anthropology teacher first introduced us to the phenomenon of â€Å"Cultural Diffusionism† where traits of dominant cultures are slowly assimilated into weaker cultures. Unfortunately for Pakistani society, we are ready to accept any culture that has more to do with ostentatiousness than modesty. Moreover, Nawabs and Thakurs were more powerful in areas like Balochistan or Uttar Pradesh. Nawabs of Punjab for example Nawab Sir Fazal Ali of Gujrat and Nawab Sir Hayat of Wah were mostly installed by the British. It is sad to see North Punjabis and other Pakistanis trying to emulate their lifestyles because of their own inferiority complexes. The word â€Å"khandaani† has been thrown around so much and is uttered by every single menial who has a few nickels in his pocket. Pakistani society is a complete and utter shambles and the feudal archetype is to be held accountable in this particular case. Pakistan Army Officer Corps and its deterioration because of differences in background:- Pre-partition Pakistan Army also shows a clear discord between army officers of feudal background and army officers of ordinary backgrounds. In a story narrated by my father, a former Pakistan Army Armored Corps officer there was a clear discord and hatred between both the parties within the Armored Corps back then. There were two syndicates that we formed one lead by former Lieutenant General Sahabzada Yakub Khan, a landowning aristocrat and the son of the Nawab of Rampur who opted for Pakistan army after partition; The other by Lieutenant General Gul Hassan Khan a man of humble background from Pabbi, Nowshera District. Both Generals were from PAVO Cavalry (Frontier Force) and Probyn’s Horse respectively with the former filled with people from elite backgrounds and elitist principles and the latter being the complete opposite of that. My father told me that before the 1970s if you were serving in the army as a cavalry officer you had to be a part of one group or the other or else you had no future in the army and were constantly harassed by both parties. So the officers picked their sides, all except one General Zia-ul-Haq did so. As a result young Zia a staunch mullah, was thrown out of three army regiments before settling into one dominated by elitists, the Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force). There he was welcomed by Lieutenant Colonel Pir Israr Shah who felt sorry for poor Zia. The day Colonel Shah left poor Zia was once again bullied and harassed by fellow officers especially by former NWFP and Punjab Governors Lieutenant Generals Fazl-e-Haq and Ghulam Jilani, both personally appointed by General Zia later so that he would show them who’s boss. The result of these dissensions was that Zia did his best to purge out the â€Å"elitist† from Pakistan Army and this policy very slowly and gradually took its effect. Coming back to Gul Hassan and Sahabzada Yakub Khan, There were implications that Bhutto wanted Gul Hassan as the future head of the Army, part of the reason why the competent Sahabzada resigned as Commander of East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh). He was replaced by A. A. K. Niazi, a genuinely incompetent officer. As a result of all of this, Pakistan Army failed to protect East Pakistan from Indian onslaught in the 1971 war. All because our officers failed to unite as one and let go of their backgrounds. What a pity! Perhaps this was why it was so hard to get any work done in any military office back then. There was too much politics surrounding every issue. One party would do whatever it was in their capacity to make the other one look bad and not caring about the duties that their state entrusted upon them. How to cite Feudalism in Pakistan, Essay examples

Sunday, December 8, 2019

International Business Enterprise Telstra Corporation Limited Sample

Question: Discuss about the International Business Enterprise for Telstra Corporation Limited. Answer: Introduction: For the purpose of this assignment, Telstra Corporation Limited has been selected as a multinational company operating in Australia. There are various multinational companies which operate in Australia. These companies have been able to succeed both domestically and globally. An example of one such multinational company is Telstra Corporation Limited. Telstra is a leading Australian company which deals with telecommunications and media. Telstra believes in connecting people through effective communication and technology. It builds such technologies which are very easy and simple to use. (Gardiner, 2015). The company was founded in the year 1975 and it builds networks for telecommunications. The products and services which it markets are mobile, pay television, internet access etc. The five core values of Telstra are as follows: Telstra seeks to show that it cares for the people and it seeks to connect everyone through its technologies and products. Telstra believes in the principle of United we stand; divided we fall. Thus, Telstra seeks to work together in an integrated manner and aims to serve its customers with full dedication and determination. Telstra believes in trusting each other in every business operations and in every business dealings. Telstra deals with technologies which are very simple and easy to use. It seeks to avoid complications and believes in simplicity. The fifth and final core value of Telstra is that it seeks to find its courage. By knowing its courage Telstra has been able to stand head and shoulders above all the other companies operating in the telecommunication industry (Noel, 2015). Telstra operates in the telecommunication industry in Australia. It provides a wide range of telecommunications and information services. In the continent of Australia, Telstra provides 7 million voice services, 3.4 million broadband services and 17.2 million mobile services (Martin, 2015). The number of staff of the company in Australia is around 36000. Telstra has an efficient leadership team and an experienced Board of Directors who are responsible for carrying the affairs of the Company. The business entity has taken responsibility for creating a superb connected future for everyone. Telstra believes in giving importance to each and every customers. The greatness of the Company lies in the fact that it attaches too much value to the customers. Telstra believes in imparting benefits to everyone and aspires to bring social, cultural and economic change in the lives of every people (Scott et al., 2013). Telstra has more than 3000 staff globally and it operates in 22 countries worldwide. The ways through which Telstra is growing international business are as follows: 1. Through entering into partnerships with the other companies which are operating in the Asia Pacific region; 2. Through investing in countries which are focused on connectivity; and 3. Through investing in targeted markets (Di et al., 2015). The global headquarter of Telstra is located in 242 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The building in which the office of Telstra is located consists of 47 floors and it is counted within the top ten tallest buildings in Melbourne. Out of the 47 floors, 43 floors are used for official purposes (Young, 2014). Telstra is a fully privatised company and it is the largest telecommunication provider in Australia. Impressive management, strategic planning and the willingness to serve the customers have helped Telstra to reach the top position in the telecommunication industry in Australia. Telstra is growing fast and with the advancement of time it is growing its business in various dimensions and the company is expected to grow more in the years to come (Udagepola et al., 2015). For the purpose of this assignment, The Income Tax Rates Act, 1986 has been identified as a regulatory framework affecting the functioning of multinational companies operating in Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia is empowered under Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia to impose taxation and to enact legislations relating to taxation. Thus, multinational companies which operate in Australia come under the purview of taxation and the Commonwealth has the power to impose tax on them (Keatin Klatt, 2013). An example of such legislation passed by the Parliament of Australia for imposing tax on multinational enterprises is the Income Tax Rates Act. The Income Tax Rates Act was passed in the year, 1986 by the Commonwealth of Australia in exercise of the power given under Section 51 of the Australian Constitution. Section 23 of The Act deals with the rates of tax which are applicable to companies. This Act strongly affects the functioning of business dealings of a company. The Act has provided for an imputation system of taxation for the business entities operating in Australia (Tran-Nam, 2016). According to Section 23 (2), the rate of tax which has to be paid by a company operating in Australia is 30%. Under this tax system, a person who receives a dividend of A$100 would be deemed to have received a dividend of A $142.86. A certificate of payment of tax amounting to A$42.86 is given to such person who receives the dividend of A$100. This tax which is paid at the corporate level is used to offset the investors tax liability. Therefore, if the same tax rate of 30% is imposed on an investor, there will be no due left on the tax liability on the received dividend. But if a higher rate is imposed on the investor, then the payment of the due tax will be offset by the certificate amount of tax paid (Balachandran et al., 2013). Thus under this system, a company which earns a profit is required to pay a tax on the profit. The shareholders to whom the company pays a dividend is also liable to pay a tax. Thus, the income of the shareholders after payment of tax will be a very small proportion of the original profit. This is also known as the imputation system. Under this system, refunds are made to the individual tax payer for the purpose of reflecting the amount of tax paid by the company and imputed to the individual. Thus, practically, an Australian income tax payer who receives a dividend of A$70 is deemed to have received an amount of A$100 for working out the personal tax liability. A$30 is credited to against the tax liability of the individual. Under this arrangement, the tax payer is entitled to a cash rebate. It actually means that the income of the company is ultimately taxed at the marginal tax rate of the individual tax rate. The amount which is credited against the tax liability of the individual is known as franking credit. A franking credit account is maintained by every multinational companies operating in Australia. A franked dividend is declared by the companies out of such franking credit account, so long a positive balance is maintained in such account (Taylor Richardson 2013). For the purpose of this assignment, OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises has been identified as a convention which has impacted the goods and services provided by multinational companies operating in Australia. In 1960, the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was passed and was signed by 20 countries. The Convention was signed by Australia in 1971 and subsequently it became a member State of the Convention. Certain guideline have been enacted by the OECD for multinational Corporations operating in the member States (Oshionebo, 2013). The member countries of OECD work cooperatively for addressing the challenges relating to economy, society and environment globally. The governments of the member countries of OECD seek to identify the common problems, compare the policies adopted and maintain the good practices. In the year, 2000, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises came into effect. These guidelines were enacted for regulating the activities of the multinational corporations operating in the member countries. International investment has played a major role in the world economy and it has enhanced the development of the countries worldwide. The guidelines are in the form of recommendations for the multinational corporations to conduct responsible business in the member countries. The guidelines have laid down that the multinational enterprises should work in accordance with the policies enacted by the respective governments if the member States. Thus, the guidelines require a harmony to be maintained between the governments of the member States and the multinational enterprises working those member countries. Working in harmony with the government policies would ensure a basis of mutual confidence between the business enterprises and the societies in which they operate. These guidelines have also laid emphasis on the foreign investment and seek to change the climate of the foreign investments. The guidelines have also laid down rules for protecting the environment while conducting business in the member countries. With respect to the goods and services which the multinational enterprises deal with, the following recommendations have been provided by the guidelines: The consumers are ought to be treated fairly by the multinational enterprises under the guidelines. The business enterprises should ensure that the goods or services which they provide, meet the standard of quality and are safe (Heb ek, et al., 2014). The goods and services which are provided by the multinational enterprises should not be harmful to the heath and safety of the consumers. Any harm which may arise out of the using of such goods and services should be cautioned to the consumers and adequate warnings should be given to the consumers related to the use of the goods or services. Moreover, information labels on the products should be provided by the multinational enterprises so that the consumers become aware of the advantages or disadvantages of using the product or services. Relevant information related to the content of the products should also be given by the multinational enterprises. Information related to the methods of using the products, storage of products and disposing of the products should also be provided by the business enterprises so that the consumers use the products cautiously. These information are useful for the consumers and all steps should be taken to fulfil the above requirements (Muchlinski, 2012). The guidelines also laid down rules with respect to the multinational enterprises for providing adequate opportunities to the consumers for filing a complaint related to the quality or usage of the products. The multinational enterprises are required to lay down clearly the process of filing complaints and they should address the complaints as early as possible. The addressing of complaint mechanism procedures are important for gaining the trust and confidence of the consumers (Ruggie Nelson, 2015). Under the guidelines the multinational enterprises are required not to conduct fraudulent or deceptive business conduct. A misleading statement relating to the product provided by a multinational enterprise may deceive the consumer and it may highly disappoint them. Unfair practices by the multinational enterprises are required to be prohibited under the guidelines. Thus, under the guidelines, the multinational enterprises are required to conduct responsible business and they should take all necessary steps to abstain from doing fraudulent or defective or unfair practices (Yang et al., 2012). The guidelines have also laid down rules for the multinational enterprises to respect the right to privacy of the consumers and not to share the personal information of the individuals without their consent. Right to privacy is an important right of an individual and it has also been recognised under Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Article 12 of UDHR specifically mentions that there should be no arbitrary interference with an individuals privacy. Right to privacy, being an important human right should thus be protected and respected by the multinational enterprises (Evans Drew, 2013). Under the guidelines, the multinational enterprises are also recommended to cooperate fully with the public authorities for preventing or removing any harm which may have been caused to any consumer through the suing of any products or services provided by the multinational enterprises (Robinson, 2014). Thus, these guidelines seek to regulate the activities to be undertaken by the business enterprises while conducting business in the member States. They are required to take care of the consumers, to take care of the environment and society in which they operate. These guidelines are really very much useful for shaping the conduct of the businesses operating in the member countries of OECD. References: Balachandran, B., Hanlon, D., Tu, H. C. (2013, July). Tax-induced earnings management within a dividend imputation system. In Australian Tax Forum, Forthcoming. Di Fatta, G., Ochoa, W. L. S., Pathan, A. C. M. (2015). Internet and Distributed Computing Systems. Springer. Gardiner, B. (2015). Telstra CEO: Don't be afraid of machine learning. CIO, (Spring 2015), 8. Heb ek, J., Soukopov, J., tencl, M., Trenz, O. (2014). Integration of economic, environmental, social and corporate governance performance and reporting in enterprises. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 59(7), 157-166. Keating, J., Klatt, M. (2013). Australian concurrent federalism and its implications for the Gonski Review. Journal of education policy, 28(4), 411-426. Martin, A. C. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,002,260. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Muchlinski, P. (2012). Rethinking International Corporate Social Responsibility: Due Diligence in the UN Framework on Business and Human Rights, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and in National Laws. Notizie di POLITEIA: Rivista di Etica e Scelte Pubblice, 28(106), 83-99. Noel, A. (2015). A great result but Telstra is facing threats. Oshionebo, E. (2013). OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises as Mechanisms for Sustainable Development of Natural Resources: Real Solutions or Window Dressing, The. Lewis Clark L. Rev., 17, 545. Robinson, S. (2014). International Obligations, State Responsibility and Judicial Review Under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Regime. Utrecht J. Int'l Eur. L., 30, 68. Ruggie, J. G., Nelson, T. (2015). Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Normative Innovations and Implementations Challenges. Yang, J. S., McDaniel, P. Yang, J. S., McDaniel, P. A., Malone, R. E. (2012). A question of balance: Addressing the public health impacts of multinational enterprises in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Global public health, 7(10), 1045-1061. Scott, A. E., Jewell, D. A., Hibberd, T. W. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,370,180. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Taylor, G., Richardson, G. (2013). The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22(1), 12-25. Tran-Nam, B. (2016). Tax Reform and Tax Simplification: Conceptual and Measurement Issues and Australian Experiences. In The Complexity of Tax Simplification (pp. 11-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Udagepola, K., Xiang, L., Afzal, N., Ali, M., Robinson, M. (2015). Case Study: Cloud Computing Consumer Protocol in Australia. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci, 5(9), 76-83. Young, B. J. (2014). A Comparative Study of the Legal Frameworks and Protection of Digital Content in the United Arab Emirates and Australia in Relation to the Practice of Blocking Digital Content on the Basis of Location (Geo-Blocking) and its Associated Circumvention Technologies. International Journal of Journalism Mass Communication, 2014.